Citrinin pathway
WebDec 16, 2024 · He, Y. Construction of a High-Efficiency Gene Knockout System of Monascus ruber M7 and Analysis of the Biosynthetic Pathway of Citrinin. Ph.D. Thesis, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China, 2015; pp. 113–118. [Google Scholar] He, Y.; Cox, R.J. The molecular steps of citrinin biosynthesis in fungi. WebMay 27, 2024 · In our bodies, toxins are detoxed and excreted through a few pathways. Routes of elimination include urine, stool, bile and through our skin. Other routes include tears and saliva but are negligible in the realm of detoxification. ... This prebiotic has been shown to bind to citrinin, which a wide variety of molds produce. Using a variety of ...
Citrinin pathway
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WebSep 29, 2011 · In this paper, we describe the cloning and characterization of a 43 kb genomic DNA region of M. aurantiacus, which codes for 16 of the assumed genes of the … WebAug 31, 1987 · Despite the similarity in structures between citrinin and ochratoxin, the PKS (CitS) catalyzing of the first enzyme-free intermediate (redoxcitrinin) in the citrinin …
WebFurthermore, citrinin activates some important factors involved in apoptosis, including p21-activated protein kinase 2 (PAK2) dependent pathways, caspase-3 and -9, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and it raises reactive oxygen species (ROS) . Caspase-3 is famous as an executioner caspase in apoptosis. WebJul 6, 2024 · Detox Pathway: Dietary Supplement: Food: Ochratoxin Sterigmatocystin T-2 toxin (trichothecene) Zearalenone Alternaniol DON (deoxynivalenol) Glucoronidation: …
WebTo learn more about the citrinin biosynthetic pathway, a ctnG-replacement vector was constructed to disrupt ctnG with the hygromycin resistance gene as the selection marker, then transformed into M. aurantiacus Li AS3.4384 by a protoplast-PEG method. The citrinin content of three disruptants was reduced to about 50%, meanwhile pigment ... WebCitrinin, which is biosynthesized from a pentaketide through the acetate–malonate pathway with three C 1-sources, causes renal damage in swine. It has also been …
WebJun 28, 2024 · In addition, changes in transcription factor expression may also influence the network regulating the citrinin synthesis pathway in M. purpureus. Moreover, the yields of pigments produced by the ...
WebJun 1, 2007 · Abstract. The mycotoxin CTN (citrinin), a natural contaminant in foodstuffs and animal feeds, has cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on various mammalian cells. CTN … hakukoneen vaihtoCitrinin is a mycotoxin which is often found in food. It is a secondary metabolite produced by fungi that contaminates long-stored food and it causes different toxic effects, like nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic and cytotoxic effects. Citrinin is mainly found in stored grains, but sometimes also in fruits and other plant products. See more Citrinin was one of the many mycotoxins discovered by H. Raistrick and A.C. Hetherington in the 1930s. In 1941 H. Raistrick and G. Smith identified citrinin to have a broad antibacterial activity. After this discovery the … See more Citrinin is a polyketide mycotoxin, which is a secondary metabolite of some fungi species. Its IUPAC name is (3R,4S)-4,6-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-6-oxo-3H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid and the molecular formula is C13H14O5. Citrinin has a … See more Citrinin is biosynthesized by fungi species of Penicillium, Monascus and Aspergillus. For the production of citrinin, a minimal set of genes is needed. These genes are conserved in most … See more Reddy et al. (1982) described the distribution and metabolism of [ C]Citrinin in pregnant rats. These rats were subcutaneously administered with 35 mg/kg C-labeled citrinin on day 12 of pregnancy. From plasma concentrations it could be concluded … See more The existing information on occurrence of citrinin in food suggests that relatively high citrinin concentrations can be found in stored grains and … See more There are different types of toxicity. The types of toxicity that have been studied for citrinin are acute toxicity, nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity and its carcinogenicity. Acute toxicity See more Various in vitro studies have revealed the involvement of citrinin toxicity in reduced cytokine production, inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis, … See more pistola 4 5 mmWebOct 1, 2024 · The citrinin pathway belongs to the former as it is present in many Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Monascus species [30, 44, 45]. However, the biosynthetic gene cluster of Monascus azaphilone pigments is limited in the Monascus genera. The biosynthetic process of secondary metabolites forms a cluster or non-clustered gene … pistola 3mmWebCitrinin appears to be toxic by multiple pathways including inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, inhibition of microtubule assembly and tubulin polymerization, alteration of … pistola .40 x 9mmWebJun 1, 2024 · Citrinin, a secondary metabolite, can pose serious risks to the environment and organisms, but its hepatotoxic mechanisms are still unclear. ... (ATP), activating AMPK pathway in L02 cells. Eventually, pretreatment with NAC, an ROS inhibitor, alleviates citrinin-induced cell cycle G2/M arrest and apoptosis by inhibiting ROS-mediated ER … pistola 50WebJun 28, 2024 · Citrinin targets the kidney, resulting in teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity. Therefore, decreasing the content of citrinin is becoming a necessity that should be addressed as soon as possible. This study included a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis to elucidate the citrinin synthesis pathway in M. purpureus. hakukoneen vaihtaminenWebNational Center for Biotechnology Information pistola 5k